Yeni Assuriya çarlığı[1][2] — qədim Mesopotamiya və Yaxın Şərqdə dövlət. Assuriya çarlığının mövcudluq dövrlərindən biridir, e.ə. 934-cü ildən e.ə. 609-cu ilə qədər davam etmişdir. Bu dövrdə Assuriya regional güc kimi mövqeyini möhkəmləndirdi, sərhədlərinin maksimum genişlənməsinə nail olmuşdur.
Bir çox alim Yeni Assuriya çarlığını bəşər tarixində ilk "əsl"[3] və ya başqa sözlə, "dünya"[4] imperiyası hesab edir. Assuriya mədəniyyəti Əhəmənilər dövlətinə və Yeni Babil çarlığına əhəmiyyətli təsir göstərmişdir.[5]
And the ancient Assyrian empire, was the first real, empire in history. What do I mean, it had many different peoples included in the empire, all speaking Aramaic, and becoming what may be called, "Assyrian citizens." That was the first time in history, that we have this. For example, Elamite musicians, were brought to Nineveh, and they were 'made Assyrians' which means, that Assyria, was more than a small country, it was the empire, the whole Fertile Crescent.
The cultural give and take influenced the many things some of which are the cuneiform writing and the building of ziggurats which the later Assyrians and the Achaemenid (Hakhamaneshi) Persians inherited. The Assyrians for the most part were responsible for the destruction of the Elamite civilization but the Assyrians influenced the cultures of Media and Ararat (Armenia) and the influence of Elam lived on among the Medes and Persians. The various Iranian speaking peoples who had been coming into what is now Caucasus Iran, Afghanistan and Central Asia since around 4 thousand BCE were heavily influenced by the aboriginal Elamites and the Semitic Babylonians and Assyrians. This difference can be most noticed when one compares other Iranian speaking peoples who lived in Eurasia like the Scything and Sarmatians whose culture was very different with that of Iranian tribes who settled in the Iranian Plateau and became more intertwined with Slavic peoples. So from that far back Iran (the geographic location) has been multi-ethnic.